KANKER PAYUDARA WANITA: EKSPRESI RESEPTOR ESTROGEN, RESEPTOR PROGESTERON DAN HER-2

Abstract

Recently, the incidence of breast cancer is increasing every year. There were 3 etiologic factors of breast cancer; genetics, hormonal imbalance, and environment exposure. The normal breast mucous epithelial has estrogen receptor (ER). The breast cancer cell secretes epithelial growth factors/transformation growth factors α, platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and growth inhibitors (TGF-β). In breast cancer, ER may high, moderate or none. The cancer with high ER is better than moderate as well as nothing. ER stimulates the expression of gene. Progesterone receptor (PR) also plays important role in controlling ER gene. About 75% primary breast cancer expresses ER, and more than a half also expresses PR. ER status is a strong predictor in the response of endocrine therapy of breast cancer. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2)/neu (c-erbB-2) is a protooncogene/oncogene in 17q21 chromosome that encodes transmembrane glycoprotein activate tyrosine kinase, and also control the cell growth. Over expression of HER-2 is related to the increasing of tumor aggressiveness, recurrence, mortality in positive nodes patients.