KEDUDUKAN ANAK LUAR KAWIN DILIHAT DARI HUKUM WARIS ADAT BALI (STUDY KASUS DI DESA PEGUYANGAN KANGIN KOTA DENPASAR BALI)

Abstract

Our cultural background indicates an accepted concept that all Indonesian children are national asset. Based on this concept, their well-being is to be continuously developed. Efforts in increasing children's welfare have been explicitly mentioned on : Indonesian Basic Constitution of 1945, State Regulation no. 4, 1979 about children's welfare, Government's regulation no. 2, 1988 about the effort of social wolfare of children having problem, U.N. Convention on children's rights ratified through President's memorandum no. 36, 1990, and Obligatory 9 years Elementary Education. Despite the fact of various efforts have been taken it is fully realized there are still to many children having problem are desperately in need of protection, such as children born by unmarried women, children without one of their parents, and others. So far all plans those are prepared for them could not reach the whole strata of the society. To many people do not aware about the fact that children are national asset, and their rights are to be protected in order they can build their future, in turn is the future of the country. The future of this country will be undisputable is on their shoulder. In relation with above mentioned subject, the family has a strategic function in broader sense of role, and substance. A more vivid definition of role and function will give easier choice of family functioning in maximizing the protection of children within the family. This is in line with the development of family function as just not only for the procreation or socialization of a child, but more economical tendency is growing keeping pace with the shifting of the social function from traditional way to the modern one. The best strategy is to develop the function of family as the central role for children to grow individually and socially and avoid from wrong treatments, exploitations, and negligence. Effort in increasing children welfare can be materialized if the target planned by world's declaration which has been ratified by President through memorandum no.36,1990 about children's rights is put in operation. Those targets achievement can be measured from four aspects such as : Survival, mental development, protection, and children's participation on their roles and rights. The development being carried out for implementation on children's protection is based on the following strategies: 1. Survival, basic needs fulfillment for the children to grow and survive 2. Mental development, a development on psychological aspects such as creativity, skill, talent, and emotion which built the character and personality. 3. Protection, an effort to protect the children from wrong treatment, negligence, and exploitation 4. Participation, an effort to facilitate children to involve in fulfilling their obligations and rights through various activities those are organized for the development of children's welfare. With these basic principles, it is expected that a comprehensive national policy for Indonesian Children will be established within the organization of government or private with permanent structure. For that purpose, children's protection will be implemented and concentrated to the increasing awareness of children's rights Latar budaya kita memberi acuan yang disepakati bahwa semua anak Indonesia adalah asset bangsa. °lett karena itu, kesejahteraannva perlu teats ditingkatkan. Upaya meningkatkan kcscjahteraan anak, telah diamanatkan dalam Undang-Undantz Dasar 1945, Undang-Undane No. 4 taltun 1979 tentanu kesejahteraan anak, Peraturan Pemerintah Nomer 2 tahun 1988 tentang Usaha Kesejahteraan Sosial bagi anak yang mempunyai masalah, Ratifikasi Kotwensi PI313 tentang Hak-Hak Anak melalui Keputusan Presiden Nomer 36 tahun 1990, Wajib Be!ajar Pendidikan Dasar 9 tahun. Meskipun berbagai upaya telah dilakukan, namun disadari sepenuhnya bahwa di dalatn masyarakat masilt banyak anak yamg memerlukan upaya perlindungan anal khususnya terhadap anak-anak yanu mempunyai masalah misalnya anak luar kawin, anak yatim, anak yatim piatu, clan lain-lainnva. Selama ini, program-program yang ditujukan pada anak masih belum menyentult semua lapisan dalam masyarakat. Banyak pihak belum menyadari keberadaan anak sebagai aset bangsa yang perlu dilindungi dan dijamin hak-haknya dalam meniti masa depannya. • Dalam kaitan inilah fungsi dan peranan keluarga dalam menempa ant yang strategis karena keluarga sebagai unit terkecil dalam masyarakat dalam menyandang peran, cakupan substansi dan ruang linkup yang cukup luas. Dengan adanya kesamaan dan kejelasan mengenai funnsi clan peranan tersebut, akan dapat mempermudah dalam memberikan alternatif pembcrdayaan keluanza dalam upaya mengoptimalkan pelaksanaan perlindungan anak dalam keluanza. Sasaran yang paling stratetzis adalah peninekatan peran dan pemberdayaan keluarga sebagai wahana bagi anak untuk bersosialisas1 dan berlindung clad segala perlakuan salah, penelantaran clan eksploitast terhadap mercka Upaya untuk menintzkatkan kesejahteragn anak dapat terwujud apabila sasaran yang ditetapkan dalam deklarasi dunia (telah diratifikasi melalui Keputusan Presiden Nomer 36 tahun 1990 tentang Hak-Hak Anak) dapat dicapai. Untuk itu perlu dicermati tingkat pencapaian sasaran dart. berbagai aspek kelangsungan hidup, tumbuh keinbang, perlindungan dan peran serta anak yamg dapat dilihat dari empat aspek. Pembinaan yang dilaksanakan dalam rangka perlindungan anak bertumpu pada strategi sebagai berikut : 1. Survival, diarahkan pada upaya pemenuhan kebutuhan dasar bagi kelangsungan anak: 2. Developmental, diarahkan pada pengembangan potcnsi, daya cipta, inisiatif, kreativitas, dan pembentukan pribadi anak. 3. Protection, diarahkan pada upaya pemberian perlindungan bagi anak dad berbagai akibat gangguan seperti : keterlantaran, eksploitast, dan perlakuak salah. 4. Participation, diarahkan pada upaya pemberian kesempatan kepada anak untuk ikut aktif melaksanakan hak dan kewajibannya, melalui keterlibatan dalamberbagai kegiatan yang dilaksanakan dalam rangka pembinaan kesejahteraan sosial anak. Dengan mengacu pada prinsip-prinsip dasar ini, dapat diharapkan tersusunnya suatu kebijakan nasional bagi anak Indonesia yang komprehensif dengan program yang terstuktur dan melembaga. Untuk itu, perlindungan anak dilakukan dalam berbagai kegiatan yang difokuskan ke arab peningkatan kesadaran akan perlindungan terhadap hak-hak anak yang dijabarkan melalui berbaeai keeiatan.