Mondro , Peri (2002) KAJIAN HUKUM PERJANJIAN JAMINAN FIDUSIA ATAS BENDA BERGERAK BERDASARIKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NO. 42 TAHUN 1999 TENTANG JAMINAN FIDUSIA. Masters thesis, Program Pascasarjana Universitas Diponegoro.
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Abstract
Presence of increase in the economic growth caused public and the economic agent necessity of fresh fund that only can get from Banking and Finances Institution. Where the loan line from is credit from Finance/Bank Institution, which have somewhat prerequirement about guarantee in form moveable thing or unmovable thing. While the present media upon institute that have the guarantee of the moveable thing only Institute of Pawning. But the practice of a Institute of Pawning having a trouble because there is inbezistelling requisite that the pawning thing have to out from the dominate of the pawning giver. Because of practice necessity then Fidusia Eigendom Overgracht born from the legal administration where the Institute Fidusia Guarantee was a Institute without dominate the object, where the transfer was did in Constitutum possessorium way. Institute of Fidusia Eigendom Overdracht Guarantee was practices by creditor in under hand way and form or blank of paper and sometimes with notary certificate. Because there is no necessity in making the notary certificate and be registered. So there was often happened that repeatedly fidusia on the same object, so Institute Fidusia Eigendom Overdracht Guarantee was felt that creditor not giving a certainty regulation and law protection. Because there was claim of law certainty and law protection, then Fidusia was arranged in UU No. 42 Year 1999 about Fidusia guarantee. Based on Article 5 subsection 1 Fidusia Guarantee Certificate must be done in notary certificate, thus completion in specialty basis and authentic value which is power of perfect proven in the same manner as article 1868 KUH Perdata. Law certainty could only got if debtor either creditor in responsibility of guaranteed object gave complete data and have authority status on guaranteed object which been fidusia. Furthermore, based on Article 11 subsection 1 fidusia guarantee agreement must be registered in Fidusia Registration Office as the form of publicity principle, in which this principle is very significant to modern guarantee institution where guaranteed object was not in the hand of creditor. Registration is when fidusia guarantee was born and fidusia certificate given to creditor which is useful to easier the execution if debtor refuse the appointment. However, although with fidusia certificate, execution cannot implement directly. However, execution implementation is doing by request through The Chief of Court of First Instance. Given protection, requirement for debtor to insure the guaranteed object in insurance company, destroyed of guaranteed object do not eliminate debt, presence of prohibition to shift, pawn and rent guaranteed object, fiduasia guarantee have right to done first in debt settling if the debtor was bankrupt, presence of criminal sanction to dishonest fidusia giver. Adanya peningkatan pertumbuhan ekonomi menyebabkan masyarakat dan para pelaku ekonomi membutuhkan dana segar yang hanya didapat dan lembaga perbankan dan keuangan. Dimana dalam penyaluran pinjaman dalam bentuk kredit bank/lembaga keuarigan mensyaratkan adanya jaminan berupa barang bergerak maupun tidak bergerak. Sedangkan sarana yang ada atas lembaga jaminan benda bergerak adalah lembaga gadai. Namur prakteknya lembaga gadai mengalami kesulitan karena terbentur syarat inbezitstelling yaitu syarat benda gadai hams keluar dari penguasaan pemberi gadai. Akibat adanya kebutuhan praktek maka lahirlah Fidusia Eigendom Overdracht ciari yurisfrudensi dimana lembaga jaminan fidusia merupakan lembaga jaminan tanpa menguasai bendanya, penyerahan dilakukan dengan cara Constitutum possessorium . Lembaga jaminan fidusia eigendom overdracht dipraktekan kreditur secara dibawah tangan dalam bentuk formulir atau blangko isian dan kadang kala dengan akta notaris. Sebab tidak ada keharusan dibuat dalam akta notaris dan didaftarkan. Sehingga sering terjadi fidusia Wang atas objek yang sama, maka lembaga jaminan fidusia eigendom overdracht dirasakan keditur tidak memberikan kepastian hukum dan perlindungan hukum. Akibat adanya tuntutan kepastian hukum dan perlindungan hukum, maka fidusia diatur dalam UU No. 42 Tahun 1999 tentang Jaminan Fidusia. Berdasarkan Pasal 5 ayat (1) akta jaminan fidusia harus dibuat dalam akta Notaris, dengan demikian terpenuhi asas spesialitas dan mempunyai nilai otensitas yaitu kekuatan pembuktian yang sempurna sebagaimana Pasal 1868 KUH Perdata. Kepastian hukum hanya didapat bila dalam pembebanan objek jaminan debitur maupun kreditur menyerahkan data yang lengkap serta mempunyai status kewenangan atas objek jaminan yang difidusiakan. Selanjutnya berdasarkan Pasal 11 ayat (1) akta perjanjian jaminan fidusia wajib didaftarkan di Kantor Pendaftaran Fidusia sebagai ujud asas publisitas, dimana asas ini sangat penting dalam lembaga jaminan modem yang objek jaminan tidak berada ditangan kreditur. Pendaftaran merupakan saat lahirnya jaminan fidusia dan kreditur diberikan sertifikat fidusia yang berguna untuk kemudahan pelaksanaan eksekusi bila debitur ingkar janji. Akan tetapi adanya sertifikat fidusia, pelaksanaan eksekusi tidak dapat langsung dilaksanakan.Namun pelaksanaan eksekusi harus dengan can pengajuan permohonan melalui Ketua Pengadilan Negeri. Perlindungan yang diberikan, adanya keharusan debitur untuk mengasuransikan objek jaminan diperusahaan asuransi, musnahnya objek jaminan tidak menghapuskan utang, adanya larangan mengalihkan, menggadaikan dan menyewakan objek jaminan, jaminan fidusia memiliki hak didahulukan dalam pelunasan utang apabila debitur pailit, adanya sanksi pidana bagi pemberi fidusia yang tidak jujur:
Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
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Subjects: | K Law > K Law (General) |
Divisions: | School of Postgraduate (mixed) > Master Program in Notary |
ID Code: | 11159 |
Deposited By: | Mr UPT Perpus 2 |
Deposited On: | 21 May 2010 10:59 |
Last Modified: | 21 May 2010 10:59 |
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