PENGARUH PERKEMBANGAN KAWASAN PERDAGANGAN TERHADAP KEBERADAAN RUANG TERBUKA DI PUSAT KOTA ( STUDI KASUS ALUN -€” ALUN KOTAMADYA MALANG )

Abstract

This Thesis is aimed to recognize the influence of development of trading area on the existence of open space in the city center by the case of alun-alun ( an open space in the city center ) of Malang. In the development of a city, historical factor is very influential, especially to the pattern of city arrangement that refers to the concept of traditional city based on Javanesse cosmological thought and belief. The traditional order of city arrangement consists of an open space ( alun-alun ) as the center of the area and the center of people activities, a mosque as the center of religious activities, a Kabupaten as the center of authority, and a market as the center of trade. The development of a city to become a center of economy or trading activities is influenced by city spatial and aspatial pattern factor which relates to the aspects of location, topography, land using, accessibility, and public activities and facilities. Location aspects, i.e. proximity, accessibility, availibility, and amenity, have a big role in influencing the development of a city to become a trading area. This research reveals that location regarded to be influential in influencing the development of a city to become a trading area is supported by people perception toward trading activities in the city center. This regard is based on the functional amenity and the cheapness in reaching the area as there are many public transports and also the site and functional attraction represented by the existence of modern shops with their goods and wares. The development of city influences the existence of open space (alun-alun), it can be seen from the visitors mobilities or behaviors both visitors of the shops and the alun-alun itself. Most of visitor activities occur in the afternoon when they use the area as a place for recreation. In the morning or at midday they use this place as a shortcut in reaching the trading area. The use as a shortcut can be seen from the fact that the pattern of visitor mobilities focused on southward and eastward of alun¬alun as in the eastward and southeastward of it is a complex of shopping center. The pattern of visitor mobilities which is more focused in the eastward and southeasward in influenced by the factor of the shopping center. People behaviors also indicates that the alun-alun supports the trade and conserves traditional city arrangement as it preserves the Jami' mosque in the Westward of the alun-alun. There is a co-relationship between the trading area and the alun¬alun in developing city center as they keep the sosio-cultural factors, building arrangement, specific environment characteristics of the alun-alun as its origin.