UPAYA REVITALISASI PERAN &BAK DALAM PELESTARIAN FUNGSI LINGKUNGAN Studi kasus: Subak Jaiiluwih dan Subak Kloda Tabanan, Bali,

Abstract

This research, is entittled "Revitalization Effort of the Role of Subak in the Preservation of Environmental". The degradation of the environmental and the weaknesses of Subak's values which actually support environmental preservation because of external influences are the background of the research. External influences such as the development of new varieties of rice, chemical fertilizer, pesticide, tractor technology, tourism, and the government intervention such as assistence of irrigation channel whitout involving the subak existence in the: planning, the actuating and the controlling. All of effect stated above lead to problem in the degradation of environment, and lead to powerless of subak's values, causes decreasing of the use of subak in the environmental function maintenance. The research problems can be formulated as follows: (1) What values of subak that being powerless and forgoten?; and (2) How these values of subalc being revitalized for the environmental sustaiability? The purpose of this research are: (1) To make an inventory of which subak's values have been powerless and disappear; (2) To identify ways or effort to revitalize these weakening values. The research type chosen for conducting this research was descriptive-qualitative. Primary data source determined according to purposive. Data was collected through observation and individually or collectively deep interviews. Data analysis was descriptive- inductive type. Research object chosen Subak Jatiluwih and Subak Kloda in Tabanan Regency, Bali Province, as the case study The research shows that part of subak's values are still relevant in supporting environmental preservation, so they should be preserved. However, there are also powerless and disappearance values that need to be revitalized such as: the weakening of awig-awig (rules) of subak, the powerless of the sense of harmonious value, powerless of perception and the trust of farmer to the holiness of rice field area, powerless of the trust to sunari as prevention of rice pest, disapearance of kerta-masa and kerta-gadu planting patterns, powerless of using cow as a plough tool to prepare the land, and the powerless of understanding and the importance of balai subak and balai timbang as communication forum. The revitalization effort being done to overcome the problem stated above are: executing awig-awig that related with built and astablishment of permanent building prohibition, increasing the sense harmonious values among farmers, increasing the understand and the belief of farmers to the holiness of rice field through instruction, prohibition in doing transaction in rice field area, developing human resources and the farmer's blief about sunari, returning to consecutively planting pattern in order to cut plant pest cycle, limiting and arranging the use of pesticide and an-organic substances, increasing farmers understanding of subak's in environment maintenance and the the holiness of their tilled land, increasing their understanding of the function and usage of cows in farming field processing. Penelitian ini beriudul " Upaya Revitalisasi Peran Subalc Dalam Pelestarian Fungsi Linglcungan". Terjadinya degradasi linglcugan, serta adanya dugaan pergeseran nilai-nilai subalc yang sangat berperan dalam pelestarian fungsi lingkungan, yang dialcibatkan oleh pengaruh luar, merupakan latar belalcang dari penelitian mi. Pengaruh Juan dimaksud seperti: path varietas barn, pupuk buatan, pestisida, teknologi trainer, pariwisata dan intenrensi pemerintah seperti pembuatan saluiran irigasi yang tidalc melibatican masyarakat setempat dalam proses: perencanaan, implementasi dan pengawasannya. Semua pengaruh tersebut di atas, menlinbulkan masalah terjadinya degradasi lingkungan, serta mengalcthatkan melemahnya nilai- nilai subak sehingga mengurangi peran subak dalam pelestarian ftmgsi linglnmgan. Dengan demilcian maka pennasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1) Nilai-nilai subak apa saja yang telah melemah dan terlupakan?; dan (2) Bagaimana nilai-nilai subak yang melemah tersebut dapat direvitalisasi dalam pelestarian fialgsi linglamgan. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini: (1) Untuk mengetahui nilai-nilai subalc yang telah melemah; (2) Mengidentifikasi upaya merevitalisasi nilai-nilai subak yang telah ntelemah. Tipe penelitian yang dipilih dalam melaksnakan penelirian ini adalah dislcriptif- kualitatif Sumber data primer ditentukan secara purposif dan pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengamatan dan wawancara mendalam baik perseorangan maupun kelompok. Analisis data dilakulcan secara dikriptif-indulctif Objek penelitian diambil Subak Jatiluwih dan Subak Kloda di Kabupaten Tabanan Propinsi Bali, sebagai studi kasus. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian dari nilai-nilai subak masih tetap relevan dalam menunjang pelestarian fungsi lingkungan sehingga perlu dipertahankan. Namun ada nilai-nilai yang telah melemah sehingga perlu direvitalisasi diantaranya: melemahnya peran awig-awig, melemahrtya nilai kebersamaan, melemalmya persepsi dan kepercayaan petani terhadap kesakralan areal sawah, melemahnya kepercayaan petani terhadap sunari sebagai penanggulangan hama path, ditinggalkannya pola tanam kerta-masa dan kerta-gadu, men .hilangnya pemanfaatan sapi dalam pengolahan lahan, serta melemahnya pemahaman petani terhadap pentingnya Balai Subak dan Balai Timbang sebagai sarana komunikasi. Adapun upaya revitalisasi yang dapat dilalcukan untuk mengatasi hal di atas adalah: menyempumalcan awig-awig terkait dengan larangan mendirilcan bangunan pemtanen disawah, meningkatkan nilai kebersamaan petani, meningkatkan pemahaman pet ani terhadap kesakralan sawah, melarang adanya transksi di sawah, meningkadcan kepercayaan petani terhadap sunari, mengembalilcan pola tanam secara bergilir imtruk memutus siklus hama, membatasi dan mengatur penggunaan pestisida dan bahan an-organdc, meningkatIcan pemahaman petani pada peran subak dalam pelestarian fungsi lingktmgan dan kesucian lahan garapannya serta meningkatkan pemahaman fungsi dan manfaat sapi dalam pengolahan lahan pertanian.