HUBUNGAN KONDISI FISIK RUMAH, LINGKUNGAN SEKITAR RUMAH DAN PRAKTIK PENCEGAHAN MALARIA DENGAN KEJADIAN MALARIA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PANGANDARAN KABUPATEN CIAMIS

Abstract

Bencana alam tsunami yang melanda pantai Pangandaran Kabupaten Ciamis Bulan Juli 2006 berdampak pada meningkatnya kasus malaria. Jumlah penderita malaria di Puskesmas Pangandaran sebelum terjadi tsunami (Januari -Juni 2006) ada 16 orang (API 2,4%0), setelah tsunami (Juli-Desember 2006) mengalami peningkatan menjadi 25 orang (API 3,79%0). Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis faktor kondisi fisik rumah, lingkungan sekitar rumah dan praktik pencegahan dengan kejadian malaria di Puskesmas Pangandaran Kabupaten Ciamis. Jenis penelitian observational dengan rancangan case control. Jumlah sampel 66 orang responden, terdiri dari 33 responden positif malaria sebagai kelompok kasus dan 33 responden negatif malari asebagai kelompok kontrol, data diuji menggunakan uji Chi-Square dengan taraf signifikan 95% (alfa=0,05). Hasil analisis menunjukkan ada hubungan bermakna antara faktor kondisi fisik rumah, meliputi kerapatan dinding (OR=3,946; p=0,021), kondisi ventilasi (OR=7,750; p=0,013), keberadaan langit-langit (OR=4,600; p=0,007) dengan kejadian malaria. Ada hubungan bermakna antara faktor lingkungan sekitar rumah yang meliputi, keberadaan kolam/tambak (OR=6,720;p=0,002), keberadaan lagoon (OR=4,126;p=0,030), keberadaan vegetasi (OR=5,271; p=0,008) dengan kejadian malaria. Ada hubungan bermakna antara praktik pencegahan, meliputi kebiasaan tidak keluar rumah pada malam hari dan memakai pakaian pelindung jika keluar rumah (OR=3,200; p=0,045) dan kebiasaan memakai kelambu saat tidur (OR=10,625;p=0,0001) dengan kejadian malaria. Disarankan agar diupayakan perbaikan kualitas fisik rumah seperti dinding rapat, ventilasi dipasang kasa nyamuk, dipasang langit-langit rumah. Peningkatan peran serta masyarakat dalam pemberantasan sarang nyamuk berupa pembersihan kolam dan lagoon dari lumut dan jentik, pembersihan vegetasi tempat perindukan nyamuk serta mengupayakan selalu memakai pakaian pelindung jika keluar rumah pada malam hari dan tidur menggunakan kelambu. Kata Kunci: tsunami, malaria, pangandaran THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN OF HOUSE PHYSICAL CONDITION, ENVIRONMENT SURROUND HOUSES AND PREVENTION PRACTICE WITH MALARIA CASES AT PUBLIC HEALTH CENTRE OF PANGANDARAN WORKING AREA IN CIAMIS REGENCY Tsunami disaster that happened on Pangandaran beach in Ciamis regency on July 2006 res increasing malaria cases. The number of malaria patients at public health centre of Pangandaran before tsunami (Januari-Juni 2006) are 16 patients (API 2,4%0), after tsunami (Juli-Desember 2006) has increased become 25 patient (API 3,79%0). This research was conducted to know and analize the risk factor of house physical condition, environment surround houses and malaria prevention practice with malaria cases at public centre of Pangandaran working area in Ciamis Regency. The type of research was observation with case control design. The number of sample were 66 respondent consist of 33 malaria positive respondent as case group and 33 malaria negative respondent as control group. Data were tested by Chi-Squaretest with 95% of significant level (alfa=0,05). Result of the analysis indicated that there was a significant relationship between house physical condition factor such as partition density (OR=3,9; p=0,021), ventilation condition (OR=7,8; p=0,013), ceiling existence (OR=4,6; p=0,007) malaria cases. There was a significant relationship between environment surround houses fsctors such as the existence of fishpond (OR=6,7;p=0,002), existence lagoon (OR=4,126;p=0,030), existence vegetation (OR=5,3; p=0,008) with malaria cases. There was significant relation between malaria prevention practice as do not go out from house at night and wearing protection clothes when going out of house (OR=3,2; p=0,045) and using mosquito net when they were sleeping (OR=10,6;p=0,0001)with malaria cases. It was suggested to repair house physical quality such as closing partition, using mosquito net on ventilation, using ceiling un the house. Improvement in society participation in mosquito nest eradicaton such as fishpond and lagoon clean up from moss and mosquito larva, clean the vegetation as breeding places of mosquito and using protection clothes when go out at night day and using mosquito net when sleeping. Keyword : tsunami, malaria, pangandaran