Risiko Defisiensi Seng dan Vitamin A terhadap Kemampuan Adaptasi Gelap - Studi pada Anak Sekolah Dasar

Abstract

Risiko Defisiensi Seng dan Vitamin A terhadap Kemampuan Adaptasi Gelap - Studi pada Anak Sekolah Dasar Abstrak Latar Belakang. Kemampuan adaptasi gelap pada mata merupakan salah satu fungsi penglihatan yang berkaitan erat dengan kemampuan mata mengembalikan fungsinya setelah mengalami paparan cahaya. Suplementasi Seng dan vitamin A ternyata memberikan hasil positif terhadap kemampuan adaptasi gelap pada mata anak. Tujuan Penelitian. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui bahwa defisiensi Seng dan vitamin A merupakan faktor resiko terhadap kemampuan adaptasi gelap pada anak sekolah dasar di Desa Deras, Kedungjati, Grobogan. Rancangan Penelitian. Penelitian ini menggunakan observational study design melalui pendekatan waktu secara crossectional. Sampel menggunakan 51 anak kelas V pada Sekolah Dasar Negeri 1 dan 2 Desa Deras, kecamatan Kedungjati, kabupaten Grobogan. Seluruh proses pengambilan data dilakukan oleh tenaga terlatih sesuai dengan kualifikasi seperti dokter spesialis mata, dokter umum, ahli gizi dan tenaga laboratorium. Analisis data penelitian menggunakan program SPSS under Windows yang dilakukan secara deskriptif dan analitik. model regresi logistik digunakan untuk menjawab hipotesis penelitian dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil. Satu diantara lima sampel (21,6%) memiliki kemampuan adaptasi gelap yang kurang dari batas ambang normal (50 detik). Selain itu ditemukan 33,3% (n=17) sampel mengalami defisiensi Seng. Sampel yang menderita inadekuat Vitamin A diketahui sebesar 15,7% (n=8). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa defisiensi Seng dan Vitamin A merupakan faktor risiko terhadap kemampuan adaptasi gelap anak sekolah dasar Desa Deras dengan Rasio Prevalens masing-masing sebesar 47,137 (95% CI = 5,164 , 430,298) dan 103,983 (95% CI = 9,551 , 1132,046). Odds kemampuan adaptasi gelap pada kelompok anak yang mempunyai serum Seng normal 21,6 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan yang mengalami defisiensi Seng. Sedangkan Odds kemampuan adaptasi gelap pada kelompok anak dengan serum Vitamin A normal, lebih tinggi 45,9 kali dibandingkan dengan yang mengalami inadekuat Vitamin A Kesimpulan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa defisiensi Seng dan Vitamin A merupakan faktor risiko terhadap kemampuan adaptasi gelap anak sekolah dasar Desa Deras Kata Kunci : Seng, Adaptasi Gelap, Vitamin A, Retinol, Anak Sekolah Dasar The Risk of Zinc and Vitamin A Deficiency toward Dark Adaptation Ability – A Study at Primary School Children Abstract Background. Dark Adaptation Ability is one of visual function which has an association with eyes ability to recover after receiving a light exposure in a certain time. Furthermore, Zinc supplementation gives a significant effect on Dark Adaptation Ability in children. Furthermore, a finding has been found to reveal that Zinc deficiency could contribute to night blindness, an early symptom of vitamin A deficiency. Objectives. This study is to explain the risk of Zinc and Vitamin A deficiency toward Dark Adaptation Ability in primary school children in Deras village, Kedungjati, Grobogan district. Methods. Observational study design by using cross-sectionals approach was utilized in this project. The total sample was 51 primary school children in years five at Deras primary school 1 and 2. Data collection was taken by health professionals including general practitioners, ophthalmologist, nutritionist, and nurses. Data analysis used SPSS program to describe the findings. Dark Adaptation Ability was measured by using a Photostress test method. Blood sampling was used to determine Zinc and retinol status, and dietary survey was done to determine Zinc and Vitamin A intake per day. To test the study hypothesizes, a logistic regression was used. The significant level was set at 95%. Results. One of five primary school children (21.6%) has a lower level of Dark Adaptation Ability (< 50 seconds). Whereas, 33.3% (n=17) of sample experienced Zinc deficiency and 15.7% (n=8) suffer from Vitamin A deficiency, based on blood serum examination. Zinc intake is less by only 0.7 mg per day. Using a Logistic regression model was found that there will be an improvement of odds dark adaptation ability as 21,6 times in the children without Zinc deficiency compared to the children with Zinc deficiency, and 45,9 times in the children with adequately Vitamin A rather than the children who experienced inadequately Vitamin A. Conclusion. The study shows that Zinc and Vitamin A deficiency are risk factors to Dark Adaptation Ability in preschool children in Deras Village, Kedungjati, Grobogan district. Keywords: Zinc, Dark Adaptation, Vitamin A, Retinol, Primary School Children